An exogenous variable is a variable whose value is determined outside the model and is not influenced by other variables within the system the researchers are studying. Exogenous variables are assumed to be independent drivers of outcomes and do not suffer from the problems of endogeneity that can bias results.
For example, in a study predicting crop yields, weather conditions could be treated as an exogenous variable because they are determined by external natural processes and are not influenced by the farming practices being studied.
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